The transition from a predominantly self-sufficient economy to one primarily dependent on the market in the first half of the nineteenth century was to effect changes in the United States fully as far-reaching if not as spectacular as those accompanying the industrial revolution. Farming as a way of life was yielding place to the concept of farming as a means of profit. Few farmers in the country felt the impact of these revolutionary forces more directly than those of eastern New York State. Indeed discontent over these changes contributed to the violent Anti-Rent War (1839-1846) centered in the Catskills. How New York farmers met these challenges is the central theme of Landlords and Farmers in the Hudson-Mohawk Region 1790-1850. Focusing on twenty-one counties in eastern New York David Maldwyn Ellis describes the process of settlement the growth of population and the characteristics of pioneer agriculture; traces the rapid shifts from grain culture to sheep raising and dairying; and points out the variety of individual and local adjustments caused by differences in soil topography accessibility to market cultural legacies and individual enterprise. Ellis also contrasts the forces leading to rural decline with the beginnings of scientific husbandry and agricultural education; evaluates the role of roads canals and railroads and outlines the land pattern and the effect of leasehold upon the region s agrarian development. In short this classic work of American agricultural history and the history of New York State--originally published by Cornell in 1946--chronicles the transformation of the pioneer farmer into the dairyman.