This work examines critical intersections of rhetoric and solidarity in order to demonstrate that a rhetorical imperative--an underivable obligation to respond--is the condition for symbolic exchange and therefore not only for the art of rhetoric but for all determinate relations. Winner of the 2010 JAC W. Ross Winterowd Award In Inessential Solidarity Diane Davis examines critical intersections of rhetoric and sociality in order to revise some of rhetorical theoryÆs basic presumptions. Rather than focus on the arguments and symbolic exchanges through which social relations are defined Davis exposes an underivable rhetorical imperative an obligation to respond that is as undeniable as the obligation to age. Situating this response-ability as the condition for rather than the effect of symbolic interaction Davis both dissolves contemporary concerns about linguistic overdetermination and calls into question long-held presumptions about rhetoricÆs relationship with identification figuration hermeneutics agency and judgment. Spotlighting a rhetorical \u201csituation\u201d irreducible to symbolic relations Davis proposes quite provocatively that rhetoric--rather than ontology (Aristotle/Heidegger) epistemology (Descartes) or ethics (Levinas)--is \u201cfirst philosophy.\u201d The subject or \u201csymbol-using animal\u201d comes into being Davis argues both with and against Emmanuel Levinas only inasmuch as it responds to the other; the priority of the other is not a matter of the subject s choice then but of its inescapable predicament. Directing the readerÆs attention to this inessential solidarity without which no meaning-making or determinate social relation would be possible Davis aims to nudge rhetorical studies beyond the epistemological concerns that typically circumscribe theories of persuasion toward the examination of a more fundamental affectability persuadability responsivity.