This is the first of a series of Instructional Course Lectures (ICL) books of the International Society On Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment (SOSORT). In the contents of this book the reader can find the SOSORT statutes and become familiar with the aims of the creation of this society. This will hopefully be the initiation of a series of books on conservative scoliosis treatment and a valuable library for SOSORT. The philosophy of the commencement of such ICL book series is the achievement of an ultimate aim the improvement of early detection and non operative treatment of the patient care pathway for scoliosis. For this endeavor a number of eminent clinicians and scientists around the world who are devoted and high-quality students of scoliosis are involved with and contributing to their fabulous work. There is no doubt that this book is not able to cover every aspect of the issue. However the future volumes of this series of books will continuously complete the latest relevant knowledge. In this volume there are chapters reporting on various aspects of the current state of the following topics: IS aetiology recent trends on scoliosis research genetics prevention - school screening various methods of physiotherapy various types of braces the inclusion criteria for conservative treatment together with the SOSORT guidelines for conservative treatment clinical evaluation and classification study of the surface after brace application and outcomes for each brace.